Applications & Connections
Within The Chrysanthemums, John Steinbeck examines the complexities of the capabilities that women lack to express due to societal norms. Elisa, the protagonist of the short story, expresses her passionate nature towards traditionally masculine exploits that intrigue her. Both the Tinker, as well as Henry, the husband to Elisa, both depict societal archetypes that confine Elisa reaching self recognition, one of the sole themes within the short story. The historical context of the short story is solely rationalized through the time period of the story, as the readers can infer the story takes place around the late thirties, when the book was published. This can be backed up through the setting, stereotypes, and financial and working status of both Henry and the Tinker possess. This explicitly interconnects with the theory of structural functionalism and how social changes have come about. The theory emphasizes a societal equilibrium through predesigned roles, such as gender roles in the workplace which exponentially started to diminish through the change in future outlook of organizations, specifically through a company’s needs and desires. According to sociologist, Emile Durkheim, society is a system of interrelated systems where every function behaves as a foundation for one another, and as shown through the economical downfall of employment rates, functionalism is gradually being altered with. During the time of the Great Depression, when structural functionalism was yet to be tampered with, the Canadian employment rates were not in favour of the economy. Due to the stock market crash within the “dirty thirties”, all the money in Canada’s economy was sent to help the war and build military weapons. Since men within families were typically the sole provision to their families while women were restricted from making a living away from home during this time, this catastrophe instigated millions of people in Canada to be dependent on food stamps, leading to an immense financial struggle within the economy. Women took advantage of this economic void, and took the initiative to start working, voting and taking part of society. This strongly illustrated the strong social paradigm shift as gender roles began to change in society and feminism views were spoken of, and action was taken in order to help women take on more higher paying jobs. Structural functionalism acts as a system which may restrict individuals from acting as outliers of their own “functions” which contradicts the theory coined by John Calvin, of work ethic determining your social value.
Why is it important to learn this?
Elisa in a sense can resemble an influential figure to those who feel constrained from expressing themselves due to normalistic tendencies. It is quite imperative that we learn stories of such to give recognition to those who can benefit from. Islam encourages both the men and women to seek the most of knowledge through education and do what is best for the family albeit there being an ayah in the quran that claims: “And stay in your houses, and do not display yourselves like that of the times of ignorance” [al-Ahzaab 33:33]. Although this was addressed to the wives of the prophet, it is something that women follow. This ayah is often taken out of context solely due to the opinion women should always be taking care of the house and not working. Khadijah, the wife of the prophet (pbuh), was a businesswoman herself, it is just that the ayah is stating that one should not follow their worldly gaining desires to a point where one belittles the significance of raising children, taking care of household necessities.